Automobile suspension

SUSPENSION

Suspensions were used in vehicles to reduce the impact on speed of the vehicle and also on the passenger. Due to the irregular surface of track, the efficiency of the vehicle will reduce and causes damage on its weaker parts. When a vehicle is going to overcome a speed breaker, there will not be any discomfort for passengers and also safeguard the load carried by heavy vehicles.

                Suspension system in a vehicle should have ability to withstand the three basic vibrations on off-road they are,

                                *Bouncing - on crossing a speed braker

                                *Rolling – on turning in a curved roads

                                *Pitching – on crossing a uneven road ( having crust and trough )

• Dependent Suspension:

                                                In this type of suspension two wheels were connected at each end of the straight shaft, and so both the wheels are depends upon each other. when right side wheels undergo a lift, then the body of the car slant towards left. It is a primary level of suspension.

• Independent suspension:

                                                In this type of suspension two wheels were connected at each end of the pivoted shaft, and so both the wheels are independent to each other. When right side wheels undergo a lift then there is no disturbance in the left side wheels. It is a secondary level of suspension.

 1) Coil suspension ( double A-arm )

                       This type of suspensions were mostly used in ‘’luxurious vehicles which carries passengers’’ like two wheelers, cars, train etc,. 

2) Leafspring suspension

                      This type of suspensions were mostly used in the “load vehicles which carries load’’ like lorry, truck, buses etc,. Leafs used for suspension is fixed at the one end and pivoted at the other end. It is made up of plain carbon steel. The wheel shaft can also be fixed below the leaf spring. Some heavy vehicles have inverted leaf springs like ascending in length from top.

 3) Torsion bar suspension

                               This type of suspension system gains the energy from twisting force of the rod which is fixed perpendicular to the axis of the wheel in order to give enough suspension. By using this we can reduce the area of the interior.

4) Double wishbone suspension

5) Macpherson strut suspension

NOTE:

Why leaf spring suspension is used in heavy vehicles while coil suspension is used in the lite vehicles???

Leaf spring distribute the load to multiple points of the chassis BUT coil suspension transfers whole vehicle load in single point

RESULT

Here you can see the merit of suspension system, "driver can feel comfort while driving in the rough surfaces"

Spoilers on Cars

Spoilers were generally used in sports cars
Mainly it is used to increase the grip of the tires. Spoilers just increase the weight of the car with respect to its speed. Down force increases with increase in speed. Aerofoils were generally used in the aeroplanes to elevate from ground with the Bernoulli's principle but it were inverted and used as spoiler in car to create down force.

Automotive Brakes

1) Internal Drum Brake

This is the most basic working principle of drum brakes. It uses two friction shoes which reduces the speed of the wheel gradually. These two shoes are connected together with closed coil spring.

 2) Disk Brake

This type of brakes are most familiar among the modern vehicles. It is first existed in the bicycles. The two pieces of friction bushes are used to make friction between the disc and brake. The movement of friction bushes are controlled with the hydraulic system in a car and with the wires in bicycle. 

Heat produced due to the friction caused by brake

Automobile

1) VTEC engine mechanism

VTEC (which stands for Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control) is an electronic and mechanical system in some Honda engines that allows the engine to effectively have multiple camshafts. As the engine moves into different rpm ranges, the engine's computer can activate alternate lobes on the camshaft and change the cam's timing. In this way, the engine gets the best features of low-speed and high-speed camshafts in the same engine.

                     In this mechanism, the acceleration of the engine is controlled by extending the time taken for the valve lift. It can be controlled by the synchronizing pin.

2) CVT [Continuous Variable Transmission]

It is the modern way of transmission by the friction rollers. The speed can be controlled without the gear box arrangement. It is mainly used in the ungeared vehicles.

3) Anderson CVT