BIOMIMICRY - Designs that we got from nature

1) High speed trains in japan causes thunderclap noise when it comes out from tunnel so an engineer derived the design from the bird kingfisher's beak because it darts into water to eat fish without noise.This design reduces the noise and also increases speed and efficiency.

2) U.S.army's Stealth bomber were designed from the aerodynamics of Hawk. Both are looking similar from side view but top view is different. 

3) BMW ghost sport bike were designed by getting inspired from Snowy Owl. This bike not yet introduced. It is a concept bike of BMW. The eyes and beak of snowy owl is quite similar to the bike's head lamp. This will not be copies for the aerodynamics It's just for showing the aggressiveness of sports bike.

4) Sharkskin inspired swimsuits received a lot of media attention during the 2008 Summer Olympics when the spotlight was shining on Michael Phelps. On examining this suit under electron microscope we can understand that it have countless overlaps as like shark skin. It avoids the formation of eddy or turbulent swirls.

5) Velcro stickers were invented by inspired from burrs which is vastly present in the plants on bushes.

6) Benz-Bionic car was designed by getting inspired by Box fish. The total body work of the car is looking similar to the fish's body. The flow of fluid medium may vary from fish to car but its aerodynamics is same to attain better efficiency.

~~~~~~all the information given above are just what i have learnt from various sources~~~~~~

-yuvaraj

Automobile suspension

SUSPENSION

Suspensions were used in vehicles to reduce the impact on speed of the vehicle and also on the passenger. Due to the irregular surface of track, the efficiency of the vehicle will reduce and causes damage on its weaker parts. When a vehicle is going to overcome a speed breaker, there will not be any discomfort for passengers and also safeguard the load carried by heavy vehicles.

                Suspension system in a vehicle should have ability to withstand the three basic vibrations on off-road they are,

                                *Bouncing - on crossing a speed braker

                                *Rolling – on turning in a curved roads

                                *Pitching – on crossing a uneven road ( having crust and trough )

• Dependent Suspension:

                                                In this type of suspension two wheels were connected at each end of the straight shaft, and so both the wheels are depends upon each other. when right side wheels undergo a lift, then the body of the car slant towards left. It is a primary level of suspension.

• Independent suspension:

                                                In this type of suspension two wheels were connected at each end of the pivoted shaft, and so both the wheels are independent to each other. When right side wheels undergo a lift then there is no disturbance in the left side wheels. It is a secondary level of suspension.

 1) Coil suspension ( double A-arm )

                       This type of suspensions were mostly used in ‘’luxurious vehicles which carries passengers’’ like two wheelers, cars, train etc,. 

2) Leafspring suspension

                      This type of suspensions were mostly used in the “load vehicles which carries load’’ like lorry, truck, buses etc,. Leafs used for suspension is fixed at the one end and pivoted at the other end. It is made up of plain carbon steel. The wheel shaft can also be fixed below the leaf spring. Some heavy vehicles have inverted leaf springs like ascending in length from top.

 3) Torsion bar suspension

                               This type of suspension system gains the energy from twisting force of the rod which is fixed perpendicular to the axis of the wheel in order to give enough suspension. By using this we can reduce the area of the interior.

4) Double wishbone suspension

5) Macpherson strut suspension

NOTE:

Why leaf spring suspension is used in heavy vehicles while coil suspension is used in the lite vehicles???

Leaf spring distribute the load to multiple points of the chassis BUT coil suspension transfers whole vehicle load in single point

RESULT

Here you can see the merit of suspension system, "driver can feel comfort while driving in the rough surfaces"

Facts

(1) Bugatti Chiron (World's fastest car) has two keys, one for speeds up to 236mph and a ‘Bugatti Speed Key’ for max speed attempts.

(2) The Inventor, Nikola Tesla sold his Alternative Current patents for less than 2% of their value to help the buyer compete with rival Edison.

(3) People drives more in summer so that the price of petrol goes up in summer.

(4) The brakes of Formula 1 car are made of carbon fibre composite which weights around 1.5kg and withstand temperature up to 750 degree Celsius.

(5) Even jumping with parachute is also dangerous because sudden break from falling at 120mph to just 5mph will cause some kind of injury.

(6) Airplane food isn't very taste because our sense of smell and taste decreases by 20-50% while flying.

(7) And the last fact is that you will become Angry if I say that the above facts are wrong.

Spoilers on Cars

Spoilers were generally used in sports cars
Mainly it is used to increase the grip of the tires. Spoilers just increase the weight of the car with respect to its speed. Down force increases with increase in speed. Aerofoils were generally used in the aeroplanes to elevate from ground with the Bernoulli's principle but it were inverted and used as spoiler in car to create down force.

Facts

1)  British luxury car marque Aston Martin's name came from one of the founders Lionel Martin who used to race at Aston Hill.

2)  The Rolls-Royce radiator grille is made entirely by hand and eye - no measuring instruments are used. It takes one man one day to make a Rolls-Royce radiator, and then five hours are spent to polish it.

3)  The BMW logo comprises four quadrants of alternating white and blue colour. This symbol clearly represents an aeroplane propeller spinning against the clear blue sky. The design of the logo actually originates from the founders of BMW who were manufacturers of military aircraft engines.

More Facts

Trent Engine

• The engine has almost 30,000 individual parts.

• This engine sucks almost 2.5 tons of air per second.

• The blade tip travels at the speed of 900 mph which is faster speed of sound.

• It uses hollow titanium fan blades with an internal Warren-girder structure to achieve strength and stiffness.

This type of engine used in aircrafts and missiles. 

The different types of jet engines are,

• Ramjet engine
• Scramjet engine
• Pulsejet engine
• Turbofan engine
• Turboprop engine
• Turbojet engine

Engine components

1) Carburettor & Choke

It is a device used to blend the air and fuel in a certain ratio which is required for the combustion in engine. The amount of mixture to be allowed to the engine is controlled by the throttle.

2) Crank
It is attached to the arm which connects the piston so that the reciprocating motion is received and converted to the circular motion.The second image shows the engine motion without crank to show the importance of crank.

Automotive Brakes

1) Internal Drum Brake

This is the most basic working principle of drum brakes. It uses two friction shoes which reduces the speed of the wheel gradually. These two shoes are connected together with closed coil spring.

 2) Disk Brake

This type of brakes are most familiar among the modern vehicles. It is first existed in the bicycles. The two pieces of friction bushes are used to make friction between the disc and brake. The movement of friction bushes are controlled with the hydraulic system in a car and with the wires in bicycle. 

Heat produced due to the friction caused by brake

Applications [MECHANICAL]

1) How lock works with key?

2) How sewing machine works?

3) How parachutes were opened by pulling a rope?

4) How to make a square drill ?

5) How chains were made?

6) Did you know?  Laser itched metal surface resists water

********

7) This happen only with the help of Accelerometer and Gyroscope      (Practical application of Gyroscope)

8) This is how built ships are introduced into water

8) Evolution of race cars     (did you notice that they have found rear engines are efficient for racing)

~~~~~~all the information given above are just what i have learnt from various sources~~~~~~

-Yuvaraj

Automobile

1) VTEC engine mechanism

VTEC (which stands for Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control) is an electronic and mechanical system in some Honda engines that allows the engine to effectively have multiple camshafts. As the engine moves into different rpm ranges, the engine's computer can activate alternate lobes on the camshaft and change the cam's timing. In this way, the engine gets the best features of low-speed and high-speed camshafts in the same engine.

                     In this mechanism, the acceleration of the engine is controlled by extending the time taken for the valve lift. It can be controlled by the synchronizing pin.

2) CVT [Continuous Variable Transmission]

It is the modern way of transmission by the friction rollers. The speed can be controlled without the gear box arrangement. It is mainly used in the ungeared vehicles.

3) Anderson CVT

Duke Engine

1) swash plate motor swashing

2) The Trebert Axial Engine animated

3) wobble plate motor wobbling

This type of engine were majorly used in Aviation industry and Marine industry.

Its Advantages are,

Less space

Less vibration

Reduced weight

Multiple fuels can be used

More technical GIFs

IC Engines

1) Two stroke engine

 2) Four stroke engine

 4) Radial engine

 5) Rotary engine

 6) Boxter engine

7) Cam engine

8) Opposite piston engine

9) Two stroke portless engine

~~~~~~all the information given above are just what i have learnt from various sources~~~~~~

-yuvaraj

GEARS

1) Gear pump

2) Sprinkler gear

3) Rotational to reciprocating motion with Sun and Planet gear

 4)

5) Steering gear mechanism

~~~~~~all the information given above are just what i have learnt from various sources~~~~~~

-yuvaraj